• br Ultrasonic pretreatment of substrates

  2019-09-06

  

  Ultrasonic pretreatment of substrates Substrate pretreatment is widely used in the biofuel, textile and food industries since the substrates are always difficult to degrade. During some enzymatic hydrolysis reactions, the protective layer of the substrate impedes the reaction. Ultrasonic treatmen

• EBI remains an orphan GPCR and the

  2019-09-06

  

  EBI2 remains an orphan GPCR and the identity and source of its ligand are yet to be described. Molecular studies of EBI2 have suggested that this receptor has constitutive activity, similar to that observed for many herpesvirus-encoded 7TM receptors (Benned-Jensen and Rosenkilde, 2008, Rosenkilde et

• Muscle Ring Fingers MuRFs comprising TRIM MuRF TRIM MuRF

  2019-09-06

  

  Muscle Ring Fingers (MuRFs) comprising TRIM63 (MuRF1), TRIM55 (MuRF2) and TRIM54 (MuRF3) are the most studied TRIMs in the heart. However, with increasing knowledge of E3 ligases and recent advancements in the field, many other TRIMs such as TRIM8, TRIM21, TRIM24, TRIM32, TRIM45, TRIM69 and TRIM72 w

• High concentrations of kC may also arise from dietary intake

  2019-09-06

  

  High concentrations of 7kC may also arise from dietary intake of processed cholesterol-rich food, likely favoring or worsening inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [5,13]. Furthermore, IBD has been associated with a dysregulation of colonic 11β-HSD expression, exhibiting increased 11β-HSD1 and decreased

• br Multi subunit RINGs There

  2019-09-06

  

  Multi-subunit RINGs There are RING-type E3s that exist as multi-subunit assemblies (see Fig. 3B). A striking example is the Cullin RING Ligase (CRL) superfamily [35], which exhibits enormous plasticity in substrate specificity. Each CRL subfamily is characterized by a cullin protein (Cul-1, 2, 3,

• The inhibition of NPY cleavage may also contribute

  2019-09-06

  

  The inhibition of NPY cleavage may also contribute to the effect of gliptins on blood pressure [123]: NPY is an agonist of Y1 receptor mediating peripheral vasoconstriction. Interestingly, blood pressure in adult SHRs was not affected by single dose administration of a specific DPP-4i whereas blood

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Laryngeal cancers

  2019-09-06

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Laryngeal cancers are the most frequent cancers of the head and neck region and their occurrence is strongly associated with the exposure to cigarette smoke and the consumption of strong alcohols. Almost all laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Usually

• Today many strategies have been developed to enhance CXCR re

  2019-09-06

  

  Today, many strategies have been developed to enhance CXCR-4 receptor 87 6 on the cell surface, either by modifying the cell culture medium or by modifying the CXCR-4 gene in BMSCs to stimulate stem cell recruitment (Jiang et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2014b). For instance, the pre-conditioning of sub-

• br CXCR The CXC receptor and

  2019-09-06

  

  CXCR1/2 The CXC receptor 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and CXCR2) have been well characterised in vertebrates. In mammals and birds, the two receptors are shared by the ELR+ CXC ligands, namely the CXCL8 family members that have proinflammatory roles in recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages to s

• StemRegenin 1 br Methods br Results br Discussion The lowest

  2019-09-06

  

  Methods Results Discussion The lowest intra-CeA dose of R278995/CRA0450 that prevented the elevations in StemRegenin 1 reward thresholds associated with nicotine withdrawal was 0.05μg/side (0.1μg total bilateral dose). The total bilateral dose in the present study is 100 times lower than t

• The role of ETB clearing receptors

  2019-09-05

  

  The role of ETB clearing receptors has been studied in detail in endothelial cell–specific ETB knock-out mice. In these animals, clearance of an intravenous 5-Methyl-CTP pathway of labeled ET-1 was reduced significantly compared with wild-type controls. Importantly, functioning ETB were retained on

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments and funding

  2019-09-05

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments and funding We thank Jaakko Matomäki, MSc, for the statistical analysis of the data. The study was supported by the Medical Research Council of the Academy of Finland, Decisions no. 250124 and 250114 (Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and

• Several main strategies for targeting E s described

  2019-09-05

  

  Several main strategies for targeting E3s described in the literature include: in vitro screening using functional assays [86]; computer programs for predicting potential druggable pockets, including those at protein-protein interfaces, and subsequent docking-based in silico ligand screening [87]; f

• The inhibition of DNMT using AZA

  2019-09-05

  

  The inhibition of DNMT1 using 5-AZA-dC or DNMT1 siRNA increased TIMP2 protein and mRNA expression, suggesting that TIMP2 expression is down-regulated by DNA methylation in the HDFs. In addition, 5-AZA-dC treatment led to a dose-dependent decrease of DNMT1 protein expression. 5-AZA-dC is a cytosine a

• This project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinscha

  2019-09-05

  

  This project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within FOR 2251 (project grants EB 285/2-1 and WI 3272/3-1) and in part by additional contributions from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (D.I.S award Nos. BIOSCAT [05K12YE1]) and the Horizon 2020 programme of the European

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