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br Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic
2021-12-10
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid and leukocyte accumulation within the arterial wall. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol-containing amino L-690,330 derivative derived from the metabolism of dietary methionine. Epidemiological studies have shown tha
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br Introduction Opioids have long been used in pain manageme
2021-12-10
Introduction Opioids have long been used in pain management [1]. However, their non-medical use has grown rapidly in the last few years. Hydrocodone (HYD) is one of the most widely used short-acting opioids; with over 136.7 million prescriptions in 2011 [2]. HYD is a semi-synthetic opioid used fo
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The potential therapeutic actions of GHSR in
2021-12-10
The potential therapeutic actions of GHSR in the central nervous system has been in the limelight lately. Peripheral administration of GHSR agonists have been shown to inhibit oxidative stress, apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokine production, microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excit
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Seizures in turn selectively modulate the expression of GalR
2021-12-10
Seizures, in turn, selectively modulate the c-di-AMP of GalR in the hippocampus. Thus, pilocarpine-induced SE led to a 30% downregulation of GalR2 without affecting GalR1 (personal communication with T. Bartfai, Scripps Research Institute). Therefore, despite the fact that GalR2 could have been a m
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In fish little information about
2021-12-10
In fish, little information about Gpr84 is available. We have revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces significantly up-regulation of zebrafish , and zebrafish overexpression markedly increased the LPS-stimulated production of the cytokine []. Here we expanded on these studies to further inv
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FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modul
2021-12-10
FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modulate numerous cellular functions. Fatty smo inhibitor derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes lysophosphatidic acid, spinhgosine-1-phosphate and others are well documented to carry out signal transduction via G-protein coupled recepto
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Figure shows the network of the persons with
2021-12-10
Figure 2 shows the network of the 47 persons with diagnosed HIV and their 192 contacts. Of the contacts, 149 (78%) were first-generation contacts and 43 (22%) were second-generation contacts. Color and shape combinations used for network nodes (i.e., persons) allow one to simultaneously discern past
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The medicinal properties of guanidine derivatives are
2021-12-10
The medicinal properties of guanidine derivatives are also of great interest due to their diverse anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer, activities (C and D). Guanidine-containing drugs, such as -iodobenzylguanidine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), were shown several
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br Disclosures br Introduction The brown planthopper
2021-12-10
Disclosures Introduction The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a classic insecticide-induced resurgent pest throughout Asian rice-growing regions (Chelliah and Heinrichs, 1980). The resurgence of N. lugens induced by commonly used chemical agents has bee
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br Results and discussion br Conclusions
2021-12-10
Results and discussion Conclusions A series of novel HDAC inhibitors comprising the thioquinazolinone were designed and synthesized. These derivatives were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against several human cancer cell lines. Then we chose compounds 7a, 4i, 4o, and 4p to fu
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It has been suggested that the presence
2021-12-09
It has been suggested that the presence of nutrient-sensing receptors and their natural ligands originating from different metabolic pathways in farm animals, are related to the critical outcome of metabolic-derived diseases in cattle (Mielenz, 2017). Thus, current article aimed to review the most r
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In summary our findings support the
2021-12-09
In summary, our findings support the hypothesis that activation of GPR55 protects against deficits in neurogenesis induced by inflammatory insult both in vitro and in vivo through direct targeting of NSCs. Better understanding of the mechanisms by which GPR55 provides neuroprotection is critically n
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The glycine receptor is an ionotropic neurotransmitter recep
2021-12-09
The glycine receptor is an ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor coupled to a chloride ion channel. Glycine receptors are typically described as inhibitory and distributed in the spinal cord and brainstem, though mRNA transcription labelling studies in rats show expression in the hippocampus, cingula
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Hippo signaling is an emerging tumor suppressor pathway that
2021-12-09
Hippo signaling is an emerging tumor suppressor pathway that plays key roles in normal physiology and tumorigenesis through the regulation of cellular proliferation and survival [4]. In humans, YAP is over-expressed as a result of genomic amplification of the 11q22 locus in a wide spectrum of human
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In summary activated A AR exacerbated the reverse transport
2021-12-09
In summary, activated A2AR exacerbated the reverse transport function of endothelial EAATs through a direct or indirect pathway depending on PKA and glutamate levels in response to OGD in vitro, but A2AR inhibition quickly restored the normal transport function. Moreover, the key mechanisms by which
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