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FPR activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathw
2022-04-01
FPR1 activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathways responsible for various neutrophil functions, such as adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, Neurotensin of secretory granules, and superoxide anion radical (O2) production, which contribute to the physiological inflammatory response ass
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br FGF FGFR pathway as predictive factor
2022-04-01
FGF/FGFR pathway as predictive factor Several studies have identified FGFR1 amplification as the major predictive factor of response to FGFR inhibitors [26], [27]. However, in a recent study on lung cancer cell lines with ponatinib, FGFR1 mRNA and protein expression, together with FGF2 and FGF9 m
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The C terminal regions in both FGF and
2022-04-01
The C-terminal regions in both FGF19 and FGF21 define their KLB interaction [15], [16], [23], [25]. However, less than 40% identity in comparative alignment of C-terminal sequences for these two proteins (Table 1) suggests that their interaction with KLB may require higher-order association with oth
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br Conclusion In summary a series of
2022-04-01
Conclusion In summary, a series of novel GPR40 agonists bearing phenylpropiolic n-acetyl-l-cysteine motif with favorable metabolic stability were prepared and evaluated for their activities as GPR40 agonists. Among them, compound 9 was identified as a structurally distinct GPR40 agonist possessi
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ADAM has two alternative splicing forms a membrane anchored
2022-04-01
ADAM12 has two alternative splicing forms, a membrane-anchored long form (ADAM12-L) and a secreted short form (ADAM12-S). Both the long and short forms have metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and epidermal growth factor-like domains and can shed pro-heparin binding-epidermal growth facto
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The exocytosis promotion is triggered upon
2022-04-01
The LY2606368 promotion is triggered upon the binding of Ca2+ to the C2 domains of two key protein groups, i.e. complexin and certain synaptogamins (Lai et al., 2017; Rizo and Xu, 2015). The first step of the vesicle fusion is the priming of the secretory vesicles, involved at the switching from clo
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br Characterization of quantal exocytosis
2022-04-01
Characterization of quantal exocytosis by amperometry A secretory vesicle experiences four phases during exocytosis: (i) cargo packaging & translocation, (ii) vesicle docking & priming; (iii) fusion pore formation; (iv) fusion pore expansion and cargo secretion (Fig. 1a). The release of monoamine
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br Dynamic Localization of Hippo Pathway
2022-03-31
Dynamic Localization of Hippo Pathway Components The observation that Wts normally localizes with an inhibitor, Jub, raised the question of how and where Wts normally becomes activated. Under conditions of pathway activation in Drosophila imaginal discs, Wts relocalized from Jub to Ex, where it i
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br Experimental section The parts of chemicals
2022-03-31
Experimental section The parts of chemicals and regents, preparation of solutions, pre-treatment of the bare Au electrode, cell culture, cytotoxicity in vitro, cell imaging, characterizations, and electrochemical measurements are supplied in the S1 (See the Supplementary Information). The prepara
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Several bacterial functional pathways were observed
2022-03-31
Several bacterial functional pathways were observed after DON administration, of which signal transduction, metabolism and genetic information processing displayed the highest levels of enrichment. Importantly, these three pathways were reported to be closely associated with DON's toxicity. Many evi
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An important aspect of macrophage biology
2022-03-31
An important aspect of macrophage biology, highly influenced by HO-1 activity, is macrophage polarization. The broadest classification, based on the in vitro stimulation, surface marker expression, and inflammatory cytokines production, describes macrophages as classically activated, proinflammatory
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Finally worth of mention are few papers that
2022-03-31
Finally, worth of mention are few papers that report on the discovery of HO-2 selective inhibitors. In 2013, starting from the screening of a Murine library, the above-mentioned Canadian research group identified Clemizole (Table 6) as a new hit compound for the development of the first series of HO
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It has been reported that CD glioma stem cells
2022-03-31
It has been reported that CD133+ glioma stem cytochalasin d are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) therapy [155]. Dose dependent TMZ treatment of CD133+ cells enhanced activities of the Notch and SHh pathways [156]. Moreover, 500 μmol/L TMZ induced a significant upregulation of Gli1, HES1 and HES5 tra
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Biological evaluations of the compounds were done
2022-03-31
Biological evaluations of the compounds were done both using HCV protease and replicon assays. Results are shown in . The protease inhibitory IC’s were determined using a FRET assay with HCV NS3/4A 1a protease domain. The replicon EC’s were determined using a replicon luciferase cell-based assay. Th
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Overall more males were HCV mono
2022-03-31
Overall, more males were HCV mono- and co-infected, though there was no significant age difference among groups and between men and women (all p>0.05). Almost all patients included in this study were over 40 years, in line with the period in which no HCV screening was performed in Brazilian blood b
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