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Phagocytosis was observed at min after mixing
2022-06-22
Phagocytosis was observed at 60 min after mixing macrophages with microbes (A). The phagocytosis ability (PA) and phagocytosis index (PI) values of the macrophages engulfing the bacteria measured in flow cytometer were shown in histograms (B). Statistical analyses revealed that both the PA and PI va
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br Author contributions Animal experiments
2022-06-21
Author contributions Animal experiments, real time PCR and western blots were performed at the Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIBIC) / Reina Sofia
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br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments This work was supported b
2022-06-21
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments This work was supported by the American Diabetes Association (grant 1-12-BS-161 to J.D.P.), an NIH predoctoral T32 in Autoimmunity and Immunopathology grant (AI089443-05 to D.M.P.), the NIH (grant DK099550 to H.M.T.), the American Association for Cancer Research (S
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Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used
2022-06-21
1-Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used bioisosteres for carboxylic acids arising from their similarity in pKa (ca. 4.5–4.9 vs 4.2–4.4, respectively)., Metabolically, tetrazoles may exhibit an advantage over carboxylic acids because they form -glucuronides which are not as chemically reactive a
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Nevertheless in the brain we
2022-06-21
Nevertheless, in the brain, we found that trehalose phosphorylates AMPK, which is a metabolic sensor. AMPK is known to be transiently activated in muscle by acute exercise [21,22]. Bayod et al. also reported that AMPK was significantly activated in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in exercis
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br Funding sources This work
2022-06-21
Funding sources This work was supported, in part, by NIH GM115388 to BGM. Acknowledgements Introduction Glucokinase (GCK) plays a central role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Its activity is restricted to lrrk2 synthesis with important roles in whole-body glucose homeostasis [1].
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The most ubiquitous serine threonine phosphatases such as PP
2022-06-21
The most ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatases, such as PP1, PP2A, and PP2B are known to contribute to the majority of phosphatase activity in the heart [4]. Dysregulation of these and other PPs have been found in numerous CVDs, including heart failure (HF), and may play a critical role in reduce
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SB742457 br Pannexins which form channels connecting cells w
2022-06-21
Pannexins, which form channels connecting SB742457 with the extracellular environment, have also been studied in the setting of NASH. When open these channels participate in inflammatory processes. A decrease in lobular inflammation and oxidative stress was observed in mice with pannexin deletion
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To obviate the mitogenic FGF activity several engineered FGF
2022-06-21
To obviate the mitogenic FGF19 activity, several engineered FGF19 variants have been generated aiming to maintain the metabolic activity excluding the protumorigenic ones. One variant, M70, that differs from wild-type FGF19 by 5-amino acids deletion at the N-terminus and the substitution of 3-amino
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In the upper part of the intestine a
2022-06-21
In the upper part of the intestine a small amount of conjugated BAs are reabsorbed via passive diffusion, whereas the part of BAs that escape enterohepatic circulation passes into the colon where they undergo bacterial conversions such as deconjugation, dehydroxylation or dehydrogenation, into secon
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Cell stiffness is determined by the
2022-06-21
Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton, an intracellular polymeric network consisting of NSC 66811 filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and crosslinking proteins [38]. Low cell stiffness has been correlated with reduced formation of well-defined F-actin filaments or bundles [3
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In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs and
2022-06-21
In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs and the related costamere structures, and excessive stress can cause cardiac hypertrophy. Cardoso et al. (2016) report a comprehensive study that demonstrates the link between stress-induced FAK activation and a FAK-mediated initiation of a trans
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br Drug design Over the past decades
2022-06-21
Drug design Over the past decades, the development of synthetic, direct fXa inhibitors has undergone four phase. Although these fXa inhibitors possess various scaffolds, most of them bind to the active site in a characteristic l-shaped conformation. In other word, they have a three-component syst
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Loss of EZH function as a
2022-06-21
Loss of EZH2 function as a consequence of nonsense or frameshift mutations has also been detected in a cohort study conducted by Jankowska et al. in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients, as an early event in cancer development [43]. Although, a recent study in Japan described increased le
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br Acknowledgments I thank Takeshi Sakaba for critical
2022-06-21
Acknowledgments I thank Takeshi Sakaba for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. This work was supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI Grant Numbers 17K19466, 17H03548. Introduction The oral route of drug application is the main route in pharmacology since it is easy to handle and o
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