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On the other hand there were only a few
2023-03-13
On the other hand, there were only a few cases that expressed DA2R in our study. Additionally, in the cases whose ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas expressed DA2R, the ratio of positive staining Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH was very low. This suggests that dopamine agonists may be less effective in canine Cush
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Estrogen exerts its genomic action via estrogen nuclear rece
2023-03-13
Estrogen exerts its genomic action via biotin-LC-LC-tyramide nuclear receptor: ERα and ERβ. The distribution of ERα and/or ERβ positive neurons in CNS of different species has been mapped extensively by various methods [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], although there are s
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Photodynamic Therap
2023-03-13
Conflicts of interest Introduction Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used for the treatment of several malignant and non malignant diseases (Akimoto, 2016, Keyal, Bhatta, Wang, 2016, Morton, Szeimies, Sidoroff, Wennberg, Basset-Seguin, Calzavara-Pinton, Gilaberte, Hofbauer, Hunger, Kar
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br Introduction The apelin receptor angiotensin receptor
2023-03-13
Introduction The apelin receptor (angiotensin receptor-like 1, APJ) is a seven transmembrane receptor (7TMR) that belongs to the class A peptidergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) superfamily [1]. The endogenous ligands of APJ are the different isoforms of apelin (namely apelin-13, −17, and
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The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories
2023-03-11
The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories of compounds at different stages of development [1], [9], [10], [96]. In Table 1 we summarize the most promising antifungal molecules that are in preclinical and in clinical development. Several compounds in the pipeline are derivatives of
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br Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding
2023-03-11
Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding upon calcium stimulation in aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor suggests a pre-requisite step that involves a conformational change in LOX. This might facilitate it to tether to the membrane and regulate enzyme activity. The calcium binding loops and the
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We next developed a system for staging severity Our guiding
2023-03-11
We next developed a system for staging severity. Our guiding principles were the following. Two types of information about the research participant are staged independently from each other: (1) grading disease severity using biomarkers and (2) grading the severity of cognitive impairment. Measures u
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Aldose reductase ALR EC the
2023-03-11
Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 wi
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Since non lipoprotein derived free cholesterol is recycled f
2023-03-11
Since non-lipoprotein-derived free cholesterol is recycled from the plasma membrane through the endosomal system through receptor-independent mechanisms, we wanted to determine whether ABCA2 could alter the trafficking of this source of free cholesterol. Our approach was to measure the effect of mob
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In earlier experiments on snails a behavioral model
2023-03-11
In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni
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In the isolated right atrium activation
2023-03-11
In the isolated right atrium, activation of muscarinic receptors and adenosine receptors may block the generation of action potentials in the sinoatrial node, inducing cardiac arrest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) (Camara et al., 2015, Campbell et al., 1989). Physiologically, this conditio
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Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characteri
2023-03-11
Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic
2023-03-11
Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic 516 3 sale phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [1]. Subseq
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AP activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in differ
2023-03-10
AP-1 activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in different cell types (Whitmarsh and Davis, 1996), while MKP-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinases in the nucleus, inhibits AP-1 (Rössler et al., 2008, Rössler and Thiel, 2009, Mayer et al., 2011, Thi
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aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor Compelling evidence now ind
2023-03-08
Compelling evidence now indicates that DR is a multifactorial disease that involves chronic inflammation at every stage, from initiation to progression and eventually to ischemia and NV [6,7]. Data from animal studies suggest that leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and entrapment (leukostasis) are
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