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Within the thrombus there is
2023-11-22
Within the thrombus, there is heterogeneity in the activation of Phenyl sulfate based on the concentration gradients of soluble agonists emanating from the site of vascular injury, which has been excellently reviewed by Tomaiuolo et al.[1]. As part of the coagulation cascade, active thrombin is gen
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br Materials and Methods br Results
2023-11-22
Materials and Methods Results In the Base Analysis (53% of patients having access to the ALK test in both Current and Alternative Scenarios), a total of 16,583 patients were tested of whom 1,252 were assumed to be ALK-positive. A more extensive use of Ventana in the Alternative Scenario determ
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Microbe derived ligands can also
2023-11-21
Microbe-derived ligands can also activate AHR. Malassezia, a commensal yeast in human skin, can metabolize tryptophan into several AHR activating compounds including FICZ and ICZ [59]. Lactobacillus converts tryptophan into indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), which can activate AHR and promote IL-22 productio
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Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role
2023-11-21
Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of adenosine date back to the early ‘70 s of last century (Fig. 1), when the critical role of this nucleoside in shaping the development and the activity of several immune cell populations was first established [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. This then
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wee1 br Conclusions and clinical relevance Astrogliosis and
2023-11-21
Conclusions and clinical relevance Astrogliosis and an increase in ADK is a pathologcial hallmark of epilepsy. The consequence of increased ADK in the epileptic wee1 is a decrease in the ambient adenosine tone and A1R activity. As a result, systemic administration of A1R agonists or ADK inhibito
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Though we have proved that VA could
2023-11-21
Though, we have proved that VA could suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, the mechanisms of VA on gluconeogenesis in vivo and in vitro remain unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is called an energy receptor enzyme, is widely expressed in liver and other tissues [23]. AMPK has become ano
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Adenosine receptors activate a number of
2023-11-21
Adenosine receptors activate a number of signalling pathways involved in tissue survival including several mitogen-activated protein kinases (Fredholm et al., 2001). The common feature of all adenosine receptors is the positive coupling to ERK1/2, whilst A2B and A3 receptors can also activate the st
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Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well
2023-11-21
Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre
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It has been recognized for decades that
2023-11-21
It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.
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br Funding br Introduction The
2023-11-21
Funding Introduction The interest in the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment continues to increase over the past decade, specifically those that act on steroidogenic pathways. EDCs that include synthetic androgenic and estrogenic compounds can severely a
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The relatively high concentration of HT used in this
2023-11-21
The relatively high concentration of 5-HT used in this study (100 µM) is consistent with the concentrations used in other published ex vivo studies (Ropert and Guy, 1991, Passani et al., 1994, Shen and Andrade, 1998). In our paradigm 5-HT was focally applied at the surface of the slice via a fast pe
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Thus damage to the nervo
2023-11-21
Acknowledgements Introduction Thus, damage to the Prostaglandin E2 may produce severe consequences (National Research Council, 1992). Indeed, though the nervous system has several compensatory and adaptive mechanisms, it is vulnerable to toxic insult, due to its inability to regenerate after l
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IGF signaling has been shown to
2023-11-21
IGF-1 signaling has been shown to induce gpr55 agonist changes via interacting with MKK-p38 signaling (Serra et al., 2007) and by perturbing Foxo3a signaling (Stitt et al., 2004), among other mechanisms. The current study demonstrates that the acetyl group itself may be limiting, since IGF-1/ACL/ac
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71 5 We also show that in both ATM proficient and
2023-11-21
We also show that in both ATM proficient and deficient/mutant 71 5 the activation of ATR signaling is DSB complexity-dependent (Figs. 1, 4A, C and E, 6A and B). Wang et al. have also reported that the effects of ATR and CHK1 on radiosensitivity are independent of the NHEJ repair pathway [41], [42].
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HMGA proteins have also been linked
2023-11-21
HMGA proteins have also been linked to localized changes in chromatin/nucleosome structure and alterations of cellular phenotype during induction of gene transcription in activated T lymphocytes. An adaptive immune response is initiated when naïve resting T lymphocytes encounter their corresponding
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